Immigration Blog Luba Smal Attorney at Law - Smal Immigration Law Office

Israel Added Into ESTA Visa Waiver Program: No Visa Required to Travel to USA

10/4/2023

In late September 2023, Israel was designated as a Visa Waiver Program (VWP) country.

By November 30, 2023, the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) will be updated to allow citizens and nationals of Israel to apply to travel to the United States for tourism or business purposes for up to 90 days without first obtaining a U.S. visa, a step which further strengthens the security, economic and people-to-people ties between the United States and Israel.

Following updates in Israel’s travel policies, all U.S. citizens may request entry to Israel for up to 90 days for business, tourism, or transit without obtaining a visa.

Read more here:

ESTA is here: https://www.cbp.gov/travel/international-visitors/esta

Apply for ESTA. https://esta.cbp.dhs.gov/

Starting in 2024 US Visitors to EU Schengen Countries will need a Travel Authorization

7/27/2023

Starting in 2024, U.S. travelers will need to apply for authorization to enter the EU Schengen countries through the new European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS). ETIAS was proposed in 2016 but its rollout has been postponed several times. ETIAS will require U.S. citizens to obtain permission to enter Europe’s Schengen countries. U.S. citizens can currently travel to Schengen countries by presenting a US passport at the border without obtaining prior approval. This is now coming to an end.

Since 2009, the U.S. already has a similar program, called the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA). ESTA was mandated by the Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission Act to support its Visa Waiver Program (VWP). Travelers who are visa exempt must complete and submit an electronic application every two years and pay a fee. The system vets applicants to determine whether the traveler is authorized to enter the U.S. without a visa. There are currently 40 countries that are eligible to enter the US under the VWP.

After ETIAS is in place, all U.S. citizens (as well as travelers from 60 other countries, including Canada and Mexico) will require pre-approval on ETIAS prior to traveling to any of the Schengen-member countries for short stays.

U.S. citizens will not be allowed to enter any of the Schengen countries without proof of ETIAS approval, which requires payment of a fee and a detailed registration application. The reason for the ETIAS is to better secure and police the borders. The application will include criminal and other security questions and each application will be checked in certain European databases including SLTD (Interpol).

When the ETIAS requirement comes into force next year, the E.U. will provide applications through an official website and mobile app.
In order to apply, travelers will need to provide their passport information or another travel document to which a visa can be affixed.
Parents and legal guardians can apply on behalf of minors in their care.
How long does ETIAS approval last?ETIAS approval is valid for three years or until the passport it is registered to expires, whichever comes first.
How much will an ETIAS application cost?The ETIAS processing fee is set at 7 euros ($7.74), but applicants under the age of 18 or over the age of 70 can apply at no charge.
How long will ETIAS application processing take?
According to the E.U., ETIAS approval should come within minutes for most applicants, but can take up to 30 days. The government encourages travelers to apply well in advance of any trip, and strongly advises travelers to receive their ETIAS approval prior to purchasing flights or booking hotel stays.
Can I be denied entry to a country with a valid ETIAS visa?Yes. According to the E.U., travelers will still be subject to border formalities on arrival and an ETIAS visa is not a guarantee for entry.

The new travel authorization applies to those entering any of the below-listed countries, which includes full EU Schengen Member countries, as well as countries that are European Free Trade Association Members, European Microstates with Open Borders, as well as future Schengen members.

In addition to the above countries, Bulgaria, Cyprus, and Romania are in the process of joining the Schengen Zone. Once these countries become Schengen country members, ETIAS will be required for the U.S. travelers.

DHS Reported Record Number of Overstays in FY 2022

7/7/2023

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has recently published an overdue overstay report showing that more than 850,000 foreign visitors overstayed their authorized stay in FY2022, which is probably a record high. A more detailed analysis of the numbers is forthcoming, but here are the highlights:

The total overstay rate for 2022 was 3.64 percent, which is more than double the rate of recent years.
Approximately 98,000 visitors who entered under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP), which allows visa-free travel for short-term visitors from low-risk countries, overstayed in 2022. The country with both the largest number and highest rate of VWP overstayers was Spain, with 28,356 overstays and a rate of 5.6 percent, which could trigger corrective measures.
The largest number of short-term visitor overstays from non-VWP countries came from Venezuela. About 173,000 Venezuelans overstayed during the year -- which is about 94 percent of the visitors. This is because the Biden administration has allowed Venezuelans to enter and receive Temporary Protected Status, a designation that includes a work permit.
The next largest number of overstays by short-term visitors are citizens of Mexico, with approximately 124,000 overstays, at a rate of 3.5 percent.
For the first time, DHS broke down the overstay rates for the three sub-categories of student/exchange visas. Vocational school students had the highest overstay rate of the three (9.1 percent). Exchange visitors overstayed at a rate of 5.6 percent, and university and other traditional students overstayed at a rate of 4.1 percent.
Just over 9,000 citizens of China overstayed on student or exchange visitor visas, representing more than 16 percent of all student/exchange overstays.
The largest number of overstays in the category that includes temporary workers came from Mexico (131,000) and India (5,800).

Visa overstays are a significant contributor to our nation's illegal immigration problem, and improving the situation requires a multi-pronged approach. The State Department will be required to adjust visa issuance standards in certain countries and in certain visa categories, to reflect overstay risks. Sponsors and employers of students and workers that produce disproportionately high numbers of overstays might be barred from participating in visa programs. ICE can be directed to expand enforcement programs that target overstays. Congress will continue to press DHS to build the biometric entry-exit system that will help maintain the integrity of the visa programs.

Read more here.

Travel to USA from European Union Under Visa Waiver During COVID-19

1/13/2021

The Visa Waiver Program (VWP) enables most citizens or nationals of participating countries* to travel to the United States for tourism or business for stays of 90 days or less without obtaining a visa. Travelers must have a valid Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) approval prior to travel and meet all requirements explained below. If you prefer to have a visa in your passport, you may still apply for a visitor (B) visa.
Requirements for Using the Visa Waiver Program (VWP)
You must meet all of the following requirements to travel to the United States on the VWP:
Must Be a Citizen or National of a VWP Designated Country*

You must be a citizen or national of the following countries* to be eligible to travel to the United States under the VWP.

Andorra
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brunei
Chile
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece

Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Monaco
Netherlands
New Zealand

Norway
Poland
Portugal
San Marino
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan*
United Kingdom**

**To be eligible to travel under the VWP, British citizens must have the unrestricted right of permanent abode in England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man.
Each Traveler Must Have a Valid ESTA
In order to travel without a visa on the VWP, you must have authorization through the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) prior to boarding a U.S. bound air or sea carrier. ESTA is a web-based system operated by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to determine eligibility to travel under the VWP to the United States for tourism or business. Visit the ESTA webpage on the CBP website for more information.
Updating Your ESTA
In most cases, your ESTA will be valid for two years. You also must obtain a new ESTA if you: (1) receive a new passport, including an emergency or temporary passport; (2) change your name; (3) change your gender; (4) change your country of citizenship; or (5) need to change your responses to any of the “yes” or “no” questions on the ESTA application.
Visa Waiver Program Improvement and Terrorist Travel Prevention Act of 2015
Under the Visa Waiver Program Improvement and Terrorist Travel Prevention Act of 2015, travelers in the following categories must obtain a visa prior to traveling to the United States as they are no longer eligible to travel under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP):

Nationals of VWP countries who have traveled to or been present in Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, or Yemen on or after March 1, 2011 (with limited exceptions for travel for diplomatic or military purposes in the service of a VWP country).
Nationals of VWP countries who are also nationals of Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Iran, Iraq, Sudan, or Syria.

These individuals can apply for visas using regular appointment processes at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate. For those who require a visa for urgent travel to the United States, U.S. Embassies and Consulates stand ready to handle applications on an expedited basis.

If an individual who is exempt from the Act because of his or her diplomatic or military presence in one of the seven countries has his or her ESTA denied, he or she may go to the CBP website, or contact the CBP information Center. The traveler may also apply for a nonimmigrant visa at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection strongly recommends that any traveler to the United States check his or her ESTA status prior to making any travel reservations or travelling to the United States. More information is available on the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) website.
Have the Correct Type of Passport
You must have a passport that is valid for at least 6 months after your planned departure from the United States (unless exempted by country-specific agreements). For families, each member of your family, including infants and children, must have his/her own passport.
In addition, you must have an e-passport to use the VWP. An e-passport is an enhanced secure passport with an embedded electronic chip. The chip can be scanned to match the identity of the traveler to the passport. E-Passports must be in compliance with standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). You can readily identify an e-passport, by a symbol on the cover. See the example below. More information about e-passports is available on the DHS website.

More information here and here.

CBP to Send I-94 Expiration Reminders to Visa Waiver Program Travelers

2/21/2018

On January 5, 2018, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) announced two new traveler compliance initiatives, making it easier for Visa Waiver Program (VWP) travelers to check the status of their stay in the U.S.A.

A new feature added to the I-94 website (How Much Longer May I Remain in the U.S.?) allows VWP travelers to check their admission date, and informs them how many days they have remaining in the U.S., or how many days they have remained beyond their expiration date.

In addition, to prevent an overstay, the CBP now sends an email reminder 10 days prior to the expiration alerting the VWP traveler who remains in the U.S. that his I-94 will expire.

These new features are available under the “View Compliance” tab on the I-94 website. Travelers should expect to receive email notifications from Staycompliance-donotreply@cbp.dhs.gov, and CBP warns that any email not originating from this address may be fraudulent or a phishing scam. CBP is going to email from @CBP.DHS.gov email address.

The list of Visa Waiver Program Countries, and the ESTA application is here. ESTA application fee is currently US$14, and ca be paid by a credit card (MasterCard, VISA, American Express, and Discover (JCB, Diners Club)) or even through PayPal.

Update on a Visa Waiver Program

12/22/2017

On December 15, 2017, the USCIS (DHS) announced that it would implement enhanced security measures for the Visa Waiver Program as part of the administration’s ongoing counterterrorism efforts.

The Visa Waiver Program allows certain citizens of 38 countries to travel to the United States for tourism or business purposes for up to 90 days without a visa. Visa Waiver Program countries include many European countries, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Singapore, and Japan. To be eligible for the Visa Waiver Program, a foreign national from one of the 38 designated countries must meet the following general requirements:

possess an e-Passport (i.e., an enhanced secure passport with an embedded chip containing the individual’s biographic information);
have applied for and received advance authorization through DHS’s Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) prior to travel;
have not traveled to or been present in Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, or Yemen on or after March 1, 2011 (with limited diplomatic or military exceptions); and
not be a dual national of a Visa Waiver Program country and Iran, Iraq, Sudan, or Syria.

The new restrictions on a Visa Waiver Program 12/15/2017: no implementation timeline was announced yet.

(1) Visa Waiver Program countries must begin utilizing U.S. counterterrorism information to screen all travelers entering those countries from elsewhere.

(2) Airports in eligible countries must also utilize the same U.S. data to screen their own employees as a means of safeguarding the United States against threats by foreign airport workers.

(3) DHS will focus on limiting the number of Visa Wavier Program travelers who overstay their maximum-allowed 90-day admission period. DHS will attempt to force countries with overstay rates of 2 percent or greater to conduct public awareness campaigns for their citizens, to educate them not to overstay, not to work without a work authorization, and about the penalties (unable to change status, adjust status, ban on future travel to USA). According to DHS data for FY 2016, only four countries out of 38 Visa Waiver countries currently meet the 2 percent threshold: Hungary, Greece, Portugal, and San Marino.

January 2017 Executive Orders on Immigration: Advisory, Know Your Rights

2/1/2017

On January 25 and 27, 2017, President signed several Executive Orders. Here are the links to full text of three Executive Orders on Immigration:

Executive Order Number 1 concerns building a wall along the 2,000 mile border between the US and Mexico.

Executive Order Number 2 would prioritize the deportation or removal of criminals from USA. It would also compel state and local agencies to participate in federal deportation program, by targeting so called Sanctuary Cities, Districts, states. If a sanctuary city doesn't comply, the federal funding can be cut off. Lawsuits are expected to follow. Some jurisdictions, such as, for example, Miami, already declared that they are abolishing their sanctuary city status.

Executive Order Number 3 immediately (1) Implemented a travel ban from seven designated predominantly Muslim countries for 90 days (Iran; Iraq; Libya; Somalia; Sudan; Syria; and Yemen); (2) suspended refugee admissions from all countries of the world for 120 days; (3) indefinitely suspended admission for nationals of Syria, and (4) suspends interview waivers at US consulates abroad.

On Monday January 30, 2017, the USCIS has announced that it will put a hold on all applications and petitions benefitting citizens/nationals of the 7 countries (Iran; Iraq; Libya; Somalia; Sudan; Syria; and Yemen), be they in the US or abroad. That means that a green card holder from one of seven countries cannot be sworn in as a US citizen, or a work permit can't be approved, or a green card application can't be approved -- even if a person was already interviewed, and there are no issues with the person's background and he/she is otherwise eligible for a green card, work permit, visa or US citizenship. Because a person is a "national" of one of the seven countries, his or her application will be placed on hold "until further notice".

The US Department of State had stopped issuing any visas to nationals from the seven enumerated countries: Iran; Iraq; Libya; Somalia; Sudan; Syria; and Yemen.

If you are a national of one of the seven countries, even if you were already issued a visa, you are no longer able to travel to USA on a that visa while this ban remains in place. Effective January 27, 2017, US Department of State had "provisionally revoked" all visas issued to the nationals of seven countries (click here to read the DoS memorandum).

Even if a national of one of the seven countries has a passport from another "unrestricted" country (dual citizenship), he or she will not be allowed to travel to USA while the ban is in place. (Update: on Feb 2, 2017, DOS issued a clarification on dual nationals: "We will continue to issue nonimmigrant and immigrant visas to otherwise eligible visa applicants who apply with a passport from an unrestricted country, even if they hold dual nationality from one of the seven restricted countries.")

The executive order also suspends the “interview waiver” program at US consulates abroad. However, ESTA or the Visa Waiver Program is not directly impacted by the new executive order. The “interview waiver” program is a policy whereby some foreign nationals applying for a renewal of a visa abroad are exempt from an in person interview at US consulates since they have been previously screened. By eliminating the interview waiver program, interview wait times at US consulates will likely increase.

The executive order also suspends all refugee admissions for 120 days and indefinitely suspends admission of Syrian refugees for an undefined amount of time. During the 120 days, government agencies are instructed to implement new procedures to help secure the “national interest.”

Upon resumption of the refugee program, the executive order instructs the government to prioritize admission of Christians over other religions, which will result in more lawsuits to follow.

Yes, the executive order still applies to lawful permanent residents. Please keep in mind that the ban was not cancelled but merely modified as it applies to green card holders nationals of one of the seven enumerated countries.

As of result of litigation, on Sunday, January 29, 2017 DHS stated that permanent residents are allowed to board planes and come to the US, but will undergo additional secondary inspection screening upon their entry. The same day DHS issued a statement stating that allowing permanent residents to enter the US on a “case by case basis” is in the “national interest” but that permanent residents will continue to undergo increased interrogation. Even after DHS’ announcement softening how the ban applies to permanent residents, anyone returning from one of the seven designated countries should anticipate increased interrogation, potential detention and long delays when returning from trips abroad.

Please see our previous posts on executive orders on travel ban and about sanctuary cities here.

A draft copy of a 4th unsigned Executive Order entitled “Protecting American Jobs and Workers by Strengthening the Integrity of Foreign Worker Visa Program” was made available at some websites. This Order would impact the H-1B and H-4 EAD programs, provide for site visits to L-1 employers and expand the E-Verify Program. It will change the way the H-1B Lottery is operated, giving preference to "the best and the brightest" applicants with the degree from the US university and higher salary.

A good article about the H-1B visas could be found here.

ADVISORY or GUIDANCE for Lawful Permanent Residents of USA, Dual Citizens, People with Pending Applications, Workers, Students and Visitors to the United States:

If you are from one of the seven countries listed above, do not leave the country unless you do not plan to return to the USA.
If you are a lawful permanent resident (a green card holder) from one of the seven countries, beware that the ban also applies to you. The ban was merely modified by DHS. On 01-29-2017, the DHS clarified that they will allow permanent residents to enter the US on a “case by case basis” is in the “national interest” but that permanent residents will continue to undergo increased interrogation and secondary inspection (therefore, they can be denied re-admission to USA). Read our guidance on what to do if you are being denied admission at the airport and the CBP agent tries to take away your green card.
If you are from a Muslim country, remember that your country also maybe added to the list of the "banned countries" while you are outside of the USA.
If you are a national from one of the seven countries, and have a visa in your passport, your visa was "provisionally revoked" by the US Dept of State effective 01-27-2017, which means your visa was made invalid and you can't travel to USA.
If you are have a pending application/petition for immigration benefits with USCIS and you are from one of the 7 countries, your application will be placed on hold. At this time, this hold is indefinite or "until further notice". It might be possible to file a Petition for a Writ of Mandamus in Federal Court to try to force the government to take action on your pending application/petition.
If you are from a Muslim country which is not on the List of 7, you may want to file your application for immigration benefits now before your country is added to the list of banned countries.
If you are a green card holder, no matter what country you were born in, you may be wish to apply for naturalization as soon as possible in order to assure that you will be able to travel abroad and can always return to your home in USA in the future.
If you are present in the US on temporary visa and wish to extend or change your status, consult an attorney before filing any application.
If you are undocumented, see an immigration attorney to see if there are any possibilities for you to apply for lawful status.
If you plan to sponsor a relative for a green card, do so immediately as the family-based categories may be severely restricted in the future.
If you are on a temporary working visa and wish to apply for a green card, ask your employer to sponsor you now before it's too late.
If you are a dual citizen from one of the seven countries and any other country (except USA), you are not allowed to travel to USA. (Update: on Feb 2, 2017, DOS issued a clarification on dual nationals: "We will continue to issue nonimmigrant and immigrant visas to otherwise eligible visa applicants who apply with a passport from an unrestricted country, even if they hold dual nationality from one of the seven restricted countries.")
Even if you are a lawful permanent resident of USA and plan to travel internationally or plan to return to USA after a trip abroad, you should consult an attorney.
The EO also suspends the “interview waiver” program at US consulates abroad. Importantly, ESTA or the Visa Waiver Program is not directly impacted by the new EO. The “interview waiver” program is a policy whereby some foreign nationals applying for a renewal of a visa abroad are exempt from an in person interview at US consulates since they have been previously screened. By eliminating the interview waiver program, interview wait times at US consulates will likely increase.

New Redesigned ESTA Website for Visa Waiver Program Visitors VWP.

9/15/2015

U.S. Customs and Border Protection launched today the redesigned website for Visa Waiver Program (VWP) visitors to apply for an Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) prior to traveling to the United States. The new website makes the process of applying for an ESTA more user-friendly and will improve and better facilitate the experience for VWP travelers wishing to visit the United States.

Some of the new and updated features include:

Access to frequently asked questions at any time during the application process.
Mobile-friendly design allows VWP visitors to apply and check the status of their ESTA using their smartphones.
Users will be able to translate the page into a different language at any point in the application by choosing one of the 23 languages in the language selector.
The Group feature has been moved to the beginning of the application process making it easier for families and groups to submit their applications at once.

VWP visitors who have already applied for an ESTA using the old site will be able to access their ESTA on the new site. Travelers with a valid ESTA will not have to reapply for a new ESTA until their current ESTA expires or they receive a new passport.
CBP reminds VWP visitors that ESTA applications can only be submitted through the official website. ESTA is not affiliated with any third-party sites. CBP recommends ESTA applications be submitted as soon as an applicant begins making travel plans.
The VWP enables nationals of 38 designated countries to travel to the United States for tourism or business purposes for stays of 90 days or less without first obtaining a visa. All nationals or citizens of VWP countries are required to have an approved ESTA prior to boarding a carrier to travel by air or sea to the United States under the VWP. ESTA applications should be submitted at least 72 hours before travel, and once approved, will generally be valid for up to two years or until the applicant’s passport expires, whichever comes first. Authorizations will be valid for multiple entries into the United States.

New redesigned VWP ESTA website at: https://esta.cbp.dhs.gov/esta/